DICOM Viewer, Reader is an easy to use medical image viewer. It allows you to view DICOM medical image files (dcm, gz, gzip, jpeg..) in your browser. It is compatible with modalities CT, MR, US, OT etc. *Supported Formats, Transfer Syntax. Uncompressed: Implicit VR Little Endian, Explicit VR Little Endian, Explicit VR Big Endian, Deflated ...Zero Footprint DICOM Viewer. You can use standard functions like zoom, window level, pan, thickness, rotates on HTML5 zero-footprint online DICOM Viewer. Moreover, you can perform measurements such as length, density, angle and more. Our zero footprint HTML5 DICOM viewer ensures that no patient information is left on the client machine after ... MedDream DICOM viewer supports many grid views starting from 1X1 to 3X3 which is very useful for radiologists as a comparison tool. Multi-view support. Export Features DicomLibrary's viewer supports exporting into multiple formats including images and video as JPEG, TIFF, MP4, as one image or active series of images. More features: Catalog; For You; Estado de Minas (Brazil) DIA D PARA A DÍVIDA DE MINAS Reunião em Brasília define proposta federal para renegociar débitos bilionários de estadosBasics: Read, access, modify, write. Intermediate: Compressing Pixel Data | Waveform decoding and encoding | DICOM File-sets and DICOMDIR. User Guide ¶ The main documentation. This contains an in-depth description of all core elements of pydicom and how to use them. Examples ¶ A set of examples illustrating the use of the different core …Pydicom Dicom (Digital Imaging in Medicine) is the bread and butter of medical image datasets, storage and transfer. This is the future home of the Pydicom ...DICOM 图像浏览器和影像科研平台推荐（附 Radiant Viewer、3D Slicer 安装包）. 能写点代码的三甲影像科医生. 以下全文内容首发于影像组学科研论坛，由本人与中科院李任远博士后共同创建，是国内第一个、也是最大的影像组学交流社区，从事影像科研相关领域的 ...IDV supports DICOM files of all types (ultrasound, scanner, MRI, PET, etc.) and offers several fast and intuitive tools such as scrolling, image manipulation and measurement. It allows you to easily open any file stored on your device or accessible online for quick viewing whenever you want. Completely free for personal and non-commercial use ...Apr 2, 2016 ... In a DICOM viewer, it looks as follows: · After normalising, the grayed image appears as follows: · Any help would be greatly appreciated.Diacom Marine unlocks the computing power of your notebook PC and provides state-of the-art features that simply leave other diagnostic tools in it’s wake. Our kit includes three EFI cable adapters: # 94010 Standard Kit (includes 94005 and 94006 adapters) $781.76. # 94030 CAN Kit (includes 94005, 94006, and 94029 adapters) $908.70.In today’s digital age, accepting credit card payments has become essential for many small businesses. One popular option is the Square Reader, a mobile credit card reader that all...Sep 15, 2016. #3. I bought the Rinda/Diacom software, which was $600 :faint2: It does the I/O's as well as the Mercury outboards. There are some other software (odbdiagnostics, tunerpro, mefiburn) , but the companies did not seem as viable as Rinda. I figured that over time, it would be worth it, rather than paying for diagnostic work and ...4] 3DimViewer. 3DimViewer is one more free DICOM Viewer software on this list. It lets you view a DICOM image in both 2D and 3D modes. The 2D mode displays a separate view for all three planes, i ...Hazem. Dicom Image Reader is an open source medical image viewer built with JavaScript, HTML5, NodeJS, and Electron framework. It can load data in DICOM format (single image DCM) and provides standard tools for its manipulation such as contrast, zoom, drag, possibility to draw regions on top of the image and imaging filters such as threshold ...The current release 3.5.1 has been demonstrated at ECR 2001 and contains numerous extensions, including a print server, support for encrypted DICOM communication, digital signatures and structured reporting. ginkgo-cadx. sudo apt install ginkgocadx Ginkgo CADx is an advanced DICOM viewer and dicomizer (converts png, …Nov 2, 2020 ... ... DICOM reader program. For this, I used RadiAnt DICOM viewer. This was perfect. It was super quick to download and activate a trial license ...Download. Universal Installer. New features: Length ratio calculation. Ellipsoid / bullet volume calculation. Added option to color and/or pin specific items to top in the DICOM …Gostaríamos de exibir a descriçãoaqui, mas o site que você está não nos permite.TM. TechMate Pro is our new generation diagnostic scan tool. built for professional marine service applications. With over 30 years of experience in designing and manufactuing marine diagnostic equipment we designed the TechMate Pro from the ground up with marine service technicians in mind. TechMate Pro includes extensive engine support and ...The all-in-one PDF and e-signature solution, plus advanced tools and admin features. Quantity. Buy now. View, print, share, and comment. Edit text and images, export, secure, and organize documents. Collect legally binding. e-signatures and track responses. Create web forms, redact, compare, and access 70+ features.Fast. RadiAnt is a PACS DICOM viewer for medical images. designed to provide you with a unique experience. With its intuitive interface and unrivaled … RadiAnt is a PACS DICOM viewer for medical images designed to provide you with a unique experience. With its intuitive interface and unrivaled performance, you'll never look back. Starting download. Jun 14, 2019 · 6- DICOMGo DICOM Go. DICOMGo is an online web-based DICOM viewer that comes with a set of advanced features packed in its simple easy-to-use interface. It can be used without registration, Though it offers users registration and users login with WeeChat and Facebook (not working now), The registered users will have some extended features such as study list browser. Horos è un visualizzatore DICOM open source per Mac. In realtà è la versione gratuita di un costoso visualizzatore DICOM chiamato Osirix MD, che è spesso considerato il miglior visualizzatore DICOM per Mac. Funziona solo su Mac OS, versione 10.8 o successiva.Apr 2, 2016 ... In a DICOM viewer, it looks as follows: · After normalising, the grayed image appears as follows: · Any help would be greatly appreciated.DroidRender. What it does: DroidRender is a free Android 3D DICOM viewer app. It offers many tools and is oriented towards "3D reconstruction" of medical images. It can display a 3D view reconstructed from a series of images as well as other orientations generated by the application at the same time on the screen.Inteligente. Fácil. Rápido. RadiAnt es un visor DICOM PACS de imágenes médicas. diseñado para brindarle una experiencia única. Con esta interfaz intuitiva y un … dicom.link Interactive Healthcare Technologies S.R.L J40 /3337/2017 CUI: 37205021 EU VAT: RO47811971 Our cloud-based DICOM viewer is hosted on secure servers with built-in redundancies to ensure 99.9% uptime and business continuity contingencies. Backed by the world’s largest cloud service providers, IntuLabs offers enterprise-grade security for patients’ medical records (such as DICOM images, medical reports, treatment, etc.) and related information about the professionals catering to ... Diacom Marine is a powerful Windows based ... Diacom Marine unlocks the computing power of your notebook ... MEFI Code Reader. For GM-Delphi MEFI-1 thru MEFI-4.High Performance Golang DICOM Medical Image Parser. 👀 v1.0 just released! This is a library and command-line tool to read, write, and generally work with DICOM medical image files in native Go. The goal is to build a full-featured, high-performance, and readable DICOM parser for the Go community. After a fair bit of work, I've just released ...Jun 14, 2019 · 6- DICOMGo DICOM Go. DICOMGo is an online web-based DICOM viewer that comes with a set of advanced features packed in its simple easy-to-use interface. It can be used without registration, Though it offers users registration and users login with WeeChat and Facebook (not working now), The registered users will have some extended features such as study list browser. Online DICOM viewer. Free desktop aid to medical consultation and medical second opinion. Open and view radiology files from CD, flash-drive or other Folders. Open and …Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand ; Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the companyGostaríamos de exibir a descriçãoaqui, mas o site que você está não nos permite.RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 是一款简单、灵活、高效的医学影像的 PACS DICOM 浏览器，软件提供了直观的用户操作界面和无与化比的性能，可以满足不同医学学习人员和研究人员对图像的查看操作，软件可以显示Cicom 图像的细节信息，支持2D和3D浏览模式，同时软件还提供了丰富实用的图像工具，包括镜头远近 ...VISUS offers the JiveX DICOM Viewer for non-commercial purposes and in a reduced functional range for free download.You can authorize a medical viewer to access DICOM data stored in the Cloud Healthcare API on a user's behalf by using the Google Identity Services OAuth 2.0 ...Setup download. (Windows) Click here to start the download: Version 4.0.4 64-bit (29.9 MB, 19 January 2024) Download Sante DICOM Viewer Lite, a powerful yet free and simple in use DICOM viewer with thousands of users.Diacom Marine is a powerful Windows based ... Diacom Marine unlocks the computing power of your notebook ... MEFI Code Reader. For GM-Delphi MEFI-1 thru MEFI-4.Jan 10, 2023 ... The information is seen as a treasure trove for criminals and should always be protected. DICOM is not secure, but can easily be used in secure ...Take a closer look at Dexcom G6. The Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System sends real-time glucose readings automatically to a compatible smart device* or Dexcom receiver. No fingersticks,† no scanning. It is proven to lower A1C,1-5 and features a 10-day sensor that is easy to use.6. †If glucose alerts and readings from ...DICOM stands for ‘Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine’. It is the standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. DICOM viewing software allows radiology trainees and consultants to view and manipulate medical images (such as radiographs or MRI scans) on their own PC, laptop or tablet.Square Reader is a powerful and convenient tool for businesses to accept payments from customers. With its intuitive dashboard, you can easily track and manage your transactions, v...Feb 12, 2024 · RadiAnt DICOM Viewer는 DICOM 파일을JPEG (압축) 또는 BMP (비압축 비트맵) 이미지 및 WMV (Windows Media Video) 동영상으로 내보낼 수 있습니다. 하나의 이미지, 하나의 전체 시리즈 또는 열려 있는 모든 이미지를 동시에 내보낼 수 있습니다. 표시된 이미지는 컨트롤+C 단축키로 ... May 7, 2021 ... Advanced DICOM viewer. Contribute to gerddie/ginkgocadx development by creating an account on GitHub. If you paste the errors you get while ...Apr 19, 2022 ... DICOM patcher; Changing the DICOM reader approach in Edit>Application Settings; Importing as standard data. I usually have no problem to import ...Download. Universal Installer. New features: Length ratio calculation. Ellipsoid / bullet volume calculation. Added option to color and/or pin specific items to top in the DICOM …DICOM AU: audio player (allow to export to WAV files) Other tools. Printing views to DICOM and system printers; Apply and Create DICOM Key Object Selection by selecting images with the star button; Display and search …It is available for ages 2 years and older. *If your glucose alerts and readings from the G6 do not match symptoms or expectations, use a blood glucose meter to make diabetes treatment decisions. † Requires the Follow App and an internet connection. Followers should always confirm readings on the Dexcom G6 CGM App or Receiver before making ...Gostaríamos de exibir a descriçãoaqui, mas o site que você está não nos permite.extends ImagePlus. implements PlugIn. This plugin decodes DICOM files. If 'arg' is empty, it displays a file open dialog and opens and displays the image selected by the user. If 'arg' is a path, it opens the specified image and the calling routine can display it using " ( (ImagePlus)IJ.runPlugIn ("ij.plugin.DICOM", path)).show ()".Nov 4, 2018 — 3 min read. Horos is a free and open-source medical imaging/ DICOM viewer for MacOSX, based on OsiriX and several open source other libraries. It's released under LGPL v3 license. Horos is featured in our list of open source free DICOM Viewers for MacOSX, so as: Open source PACS clients & DICOM workstation.Media Freeware’s Free DICOM Viewer is an ideal choice when you want to view DICOM images. The app comes with an interface that is easy to use, even by a novice user. Its comprehensive set of functions— like zoom, rotate, and color change—are laid out simply in the window. Parameters, such as width and image size, are also adjustable.Export DICOM files to images, movies, clipboard and text. MicroDicom DICOM Viewer can export DICOM images to common graphics formats and videos. Our software can be used to convert JPEG, BMP images to DICOM images. Images can be sent to the Windows clipboard and after that paste in other applications. Export DICOM to …Catalog; For You; Estado de Minas (Brazil) DIA D PARA A DÍVIDA DE MINAS Reunião em Brasília define proposta federal para renegociar débitos bilionários de estadosOsiriX MD Full-Featured Version (from $69.99/mo) Get OsiriX MD, the complete edition of OsiriX. With ultrafast performance and an intuitive interactive user interface, it is the most widely used medical images viewer in the world. Ultrafast performance. Intuitive interactive user interface. The most widely used DICOM viewer in the world.react-viewerbase. that power OHIF's. Read The Docs | Edit the docs. This set of "Medical Imaging Viewer" React components are maintained separately to: Decouple presentation from business logic. Test and develop components in isolation. Provide well documented, reusable components. Aid rapid application development for context specific viewers.Casimir Rajnerowicz. V7. What is a DICOM file and how do you open it? 1. V7 Darwin: DICOM Analysis Software Powered by AI. 2. RadiAnt: DICOM Viewer. 3. … DIACOM ® Marine PC Software. For Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, & XP-SP2. Diacom Marine is a powerful Windows based diagnostic tool that is revolutionizing marine engine service. With advanced engine control systems now standard on nearly all gasoline inboard and stern drive engines, you need a service tool that pinpoints problems quickly and accurately. The current release 3.5.1 has been demonstrated at ECR 2001 and contains numerous extensions, including a print server, support for encrypted DICOM communication, digital signatures and structured reporting. ginkgo-cadx. sudo apt install ginkgocadx Ginkgo CADx is an advanced DICOM viewer and dicomizer (converts png, …Was ist DICOM? DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) ist ein Standardformat, mit dem Mediziner medizinische Bilder unabhängig von ihrem geografischen Standort oder den verwendeten Geräten anzeigen, speichern und teilen können, sofern diese Geräte das Format unterstützen.RadiAnt DICOM Viewer破解版中文 医学图像的PACS DICOM浏览器，打开并展示不同格式的医学图片，提供基本工具进行操作和测量。. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer不仅可以在内存较大的多处理器和多核系统上运行，可以在内存只有1GB的单核机上运行。. 在同一窗口或不同窗口中打开多个 ...Zero Footprint DICOM Viewer. You can use standard functions like zoom, window level, pan, thickness, rotates on HTML5 zero-footprint online DICOM Viewer. Moreover, you can perform measurements such as length, density, angle and more. Our zero footprint HTML5 DICOM viewer ensures that no patient information is left on the client machine after ...Inobitec provides to specialists, who works in the healthcare industry, own products for download: Inobitec DICOM Viewer, Inobitec Web DICOM Viewer, ...Elevating interoperability, the Medical Imaging Server for DICOM is the first cloud technology to bring together DICOM data standard and FHIR using the DICOM Cast feature. Concurrent with data upload through the Medical Imaging Server for DICOM, structured metadata from imaging files is seamlessly linked to clinical health data stored …Öffnen Sie einfach das Programm und klicken Sie dort auf das Symbol mit dem Ordner oben links. Sie können dann die DCM-Datei auf Ihrem Computer auswählen und diese dann einfach öffnen. Wenn ...DICOM stands for ‘Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine’. It is the standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. DICOM viewing software allows radiology trainees and consultants to view and manipulate medical images (such as radiographs or MRI scans) on their own PC, laptop or tablet.Öffnen Sie einfach das Programm und klicken Sie dort auf das Symbol mit dem Ordner oben links. Sie können dann die DCM-Datei auf Ihrem Computer auswählen und diese dann einfach öffnen. Wenn ...DICOM Image Reader has a disk image (.dmg) file that contain the application for macOS, It also provides Windows executable and Linux ready files. 12- InVesalius InVesalius InVesalius Is a free open source 3D medical imaging reconstruction that generates a 3D image from a sequence of 2D DICOM images (CT or MRI). It works for …Dicom Viewer react. Edit the code to make changes and see it instantly in the preview. Explore this online Dicom Viewer react sandbox and experiment with it yourself using our interactive online playground. You can use it as a template to jumpstart your development with this pre-built solution. You can also fork this sandbox and keep building ...Whether you need to extract the images so you view them on a phone or tablet, or whether you want to extract the images so you can add them to Trial Director...C++ DICOM library with Java & ObjectiveC bindings (compatible with Swift bridge header). Works on Linux, Windows, macOS. iOS, Android.Each reader has a different strategy for associating DICOM files: DICOM_FILE Reader – Reads a single DICOM image or DICOMDIR index file for one or more folders of DICOM images. DICOM_DIR Reader – Reads all DICOM files in a single specified folder, and is primarily useful when a DICOMDIR file does not exist for reading.DICOM 图像浏览器和影像科研平台推荐（附 Radiant Viewer、3D Slicer 安装包）. 能写点代码的三甲影像科医生. 以下全文内容首发于影像组学科研论坛，由本人与中科院李任远博士后共同创建，是国内第一个、也是最大的影像组学交流社区，从事影像科研相关领域的 ...Sep 15, 2016. #3. I bought the Rinda/Diacom software, which was $600 :faint2: It does the I/O's as well as the Mercury outboards. There are some other software (odbdiagnostics, tunerpro, mefiburn) , but the companies did not seem as viable as Rinda. I figured that over time, it would be worth it, rather than paying for diagnostic work and ...extends ImagePlus. implements PlugIn. This plugin decodes DICOM files. If 'arg' is empty, it displays a file open dialog and opens and displays the image selected by the user. If 'arg' is a path, it opens the specified image and the calling routine can display it using " ( (ImagePlus)IJ.runPlugIn ("ij.plugin.DICOM", path)).show ()".DICOM 图像浏览器和影像科研平台推荐（附 Radiant Viewer、3D Slicer 安装包）. 能写点代码的三甲影像科医生. 以下全文内容首发于影像组学科研论坛，由本人与中科院李任远博士后共同创建，是国内第一个、也是最大的影像组学交流社区，从事影像科研相关领域的 ...Activate your trial license for RadiAnt DICOM Viewer now. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer needs to be activated on each computer where you want to use the evaluation version. Please enter the request code below to get the activation code: Request code:Inteligente. Fácil. Rápido. RadiAnt es un visor DICOM PACS de imágenes médicas. diseñado para brindarle una experiencia única. Con esta interfaz intuitiva y un …Access the 3Dicom medical image library to view numerous medical imaging scans sourced from open source datasets for 2D & 3D visualization in our Dicom Viewer. All uploaded files in this library are stored in the NiFTi (.nii) or dicom format (.dcm) and have gone through a process of anonymization and lossless compression prior to upload to ...Vesalius3D is a software application for high quality 3D Visualization and Navigation through personalized, patient specific, anatomical structures.Apr 6, 2019 — 3 min read. Miele-LXIV is a Mac OSX native DICOM workstation and viewer, It's completely free/ libre software as it released under GPL3.0 license. Miele-LXIV is developed and maintained by group of developers who are providing regular upgrade for it. Miele-LXIV is available for installing from the iTunes app store (macApp) which ...Apr 6, 2019 — 3 min read. Miele-LXIV is a Mac OSX native DICOM workstation and viewer, It's completely free/ libre software as it released under GPL3.0 license. Miele-LXIV is developed and maintained by group of developers who are providing regular upgrade for it. Miele-LXIV is available for installing from the iTunes app store (macApp) which ...Feb 12, 2024 · PACS DICOM Viewer. RadiAntは独自な体験をお届けするために 設計された医用画像用のPACS DICOMビューアーです。直感的なインターフェースと比類のないパフォーマンス もう探し回る必要はありません | JA Aliza MS DICOM Viewer. The Aliza MS DICOM Viewer is a versatile and user-friendly software solution designed for students and professionals. This free viewer allows users to easily view, analyze, and manipulate medical images stored in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. Aliza screenshot.Onis delivers the next evolution of DICOM Viewer/Server within a single integrated framework for the PC. Onis is a true end-to-end solution that includes advanced interactive annotations, Multi-planar reconstruction, 3D volume rendering, 'On-demand' access, DICOM networking, reporting, albums and access to images, annotations and reports from any …
dicompyler is an extensible open source radiation therapy research platform based on the DICOM standard. It also functions as a cross-platform DICOM RT viewer. dicompyler is written in Python and is built on a number of technologies including: pydicom, wxPython, PIL, and matplotlib and runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.. Border patrol checkpoint
RadiAnt is a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer for medical images. This entry covers the Desktop Edition of this technology and not ...dwv. DWV (DICOM Web Viewer) is an open source zero footprint medical image viewer. It uses only javascript and HTML5 technologies, meaning that it can be run on any platform that provides a modern browser (laptop, tablet, phone and even modern TVs). It can load local or remote data in DICOM format (the standard for medical imaging data such as ...To find a book in the Accelerated Reader program, visit AR BookFinder, and use their search options to generate a book list based on specific criteria, suggests Renaissance Learnin...Mar 7, 2022 · Webinar was dedicated to MedDream DICOM Viewer v8.3.0 new release’s the most important features presentation and live demonstration. Also, there was highlighted how the MedDream Viewer can be integrated with medical Artificial Intelligence solutions. Agenda: MedDream v8.3.0 new features presentation; Most important features demonstration; Take a closer look at Dexcom G6. The Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System sends real-time glucose readings automatically to a compatible smart device* or Dexcom receiver. No fingersticks,† no scanning. It is proven to lower A1C,1-5 and features a 10-day sensor that is easy to use.6. †If glucose alerts and readings from ...Dicom Viewer react. Edit the code to make changes and see it instantly in the preview. Explore this online Dicom Viewer react sandbox and experiment with it yourself using our interactive online playground. You can use it as a template to jumpstart your development with this pre-built solution. You can also fork this sandbox and keep building ...Onis delivers the next evolution of DICOM Viewer/Server within a single integrated framework for the PC. Onis is a true end-to-end solution that includes advanced interactive annotations, Multi-planar reconstruction, 3D volume rendering, 'On-demand' access, DICOM networking, reporting, albums and access to images, annotations and reports from any …Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. How to read DICOM files into ImageJ? ImageJ has built-in support for reading some kinds of DICOM files. Try File › Open and see how it goes. The Bio-Formats plugin supports some kinds of DICOM ...Mar 9, 2020 ... Hello, With vtkDICOMImageReader() I tried to read a single 3D DICOM file. Unfortunately, this reader does not handle multi-frames DICOM ...There is actually no dearth of DICOM viewing software out there. Search online and you will find a multitude of options—some freeware, some paid, some targeted at medical students, others at seasoned experts, each …Jun 14, 2019 · 6- DICOMGo DICOM Go. DICOMGo is an online web-based DICOM viewer that comes with a set of advanced features packed in its simple easy-to-use interface. It can be used without registration, Though it offers users registration and users login with WeeChat and Facebook (not working now), The registered users will have some extended features such as study list browser. TM. TechMate Pro is our new generation diagnostic scan tool. built for professional marine service applications. With over 30 years of experience in designing and manufactuing marine diagnostic equipment we designed the TechMate Pro from the ground up with marine service technicians in mind. TechMate Pro includes extensive engine support …Pydicom Dicom (Digital Imaging in Medicine) is the bread and butter of medical image datasets, storage and transfer. This is the future home of the Pydicom ...Package management systems. If you want to get automatic updates of the Weasis DICOM viewer then check these package management systems: Windows.May 7, 2021 ... Advanced DICOM viewer. Contribute to gerddie/ginkgocadx development by creating an account on GitHub. If you paste the errors you get while ...Grassroots DiCoM is a C ++ library for DICOM medical files. It is accessible from Python, C #, Java and PHP. It supports RAW, JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG-LS, RLE and deflated transfer syntax. It comes with a super fast scanner implementation to quickly scan hundreds of DICOM files. It supports SCU network operations ( C -ECHO, C -FIND, C -STORE, C ...help->Reader，Filter and Writer Reference Reader 支持的格式 . 这里有 Reader 支持的格式 Name. Description. Extension. ADIOS2CoreImageReader . Read ADIOS2 files as vtkImageData. bp bp. ADIOS2VTXReader . VTX: VTK-XML schema based ADIOS2 Reader. bp bp bp4. AMReX/BoxLib Grid Reader ..